This patent describes an improved electrode which increases surface area within a given geometric shape. The increased surface area allows the electrode to transmit more power without damage to the electrode or the surface it contacts. The electrode is electroplated with platinum, or other noble metal, to form cauliflower like structures that combine high strength with high surface area.

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When neurons are stimulated constantly they adapt and stop perceiving the stimulation, called neural adaptation. This invention provides brief interruptions of a stimulation signal to avoid neural adaption. The interruptions are brief enough not to be perceived by the user. This is similar to a person not perceiving the frames of a movie.

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The human body is a very corrosive environment. We here disclose a manufacturing process for building polymer electrode arrays. The patent teaches physical and chemical processing of a polymer surface to improve adhesion of polymer layers, resulting in more durable and biocompatible electrode arrays.

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It is critical that a neurostimulation implant not cause stimulation based on bad data. This patent teaches a handshake protocol between a video processing unit (VPU), external to the body, and a neural stimulation implant. The VPU sends a null package and receives a response from the implant. Both devices check the integrity of the packets. The VPU will not send stimulation signals without good data from the implant. The implant will not accept stimulation signals without good data from the VPU.

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It is possible to build hermetic implants by building on a substrate and brazing a lid to the substrate. The device is designed such that the braze joint is parallel and closes to the outside surface of the implant. We can ultrasonically inspect the quality of every braze joint without damaging it.

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This invention introduces a cortical neurostimulator with aggregate electrodes, or multiple smaller common electrodes to make one larger electrode. This allows an electrode array to be more flexible than an array with larger electrodes.

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This patent presents a cortical stimulator with a flexible circuit electrode array, a flange to accept cranial screws for mounting a hermetic package for the stimulator electronics, and a return electrode on the hermetic package.

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Suspend resume technology has become ubiquitous in all electronics including computers, phones, tablets and other devices. This patent teaches the original technology that makes suspend resume possible.

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